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The primary method used to produce liquors and whiskeys is distillation, which is a process that involves heating a fermented liquid to create vapor and then cooling that vapor to condense it back into liquid form. Distillation is crucial in the production of spirits because it increases the alcohol content and removes impurities, resulting in a more refined and potent beverage.

During the distillation process, alcohol evaporates at a lower temperature than water, allowing distillers to separate the alcoholic components from the mixture. This method is essential for creating various types of spirits, including vodka, rum, gin, and whiskey. Each spirit type may employ different distillation techniques or additional steps within the process, but distillation remains the cornerstone of spirit production.

The other options, such as fermentation, filtration, and evaporation, play roles in the overall production process but are not the primary methods used for creating liquors and whiskeys. Fermentation is the initial step where yeast converts sugars into alcohol, while filtration is typically a purification step that occurs after distillation. Evaporation might happen in various contexts but is not a standalone method for producing spirits in the way that distillation is.